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Indonesian national motto
Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is the official national motto of Indonesia. It is inscribed in the national emblem of Indonesia, the Garuda Pancasila, written on the scroll gripped by the Garuda's claws. The phrase comes from Old Javanese, meaning "Unity in Diversity," and is enshrined in article 36A of the Constitution of Indonesia. The motto refers to the unity and integrity of Indonesia, a nation consisting of various cultures, regional languages, races, ethnicities, religions, and beliefs.
The phrase is a quotation from an Old Javanese poem Kakawin Sutasoma, written by Mpu Tantular, a famous poet of Javanese literature during the reign of the Majapahit empire in the 14th century, under the reign of King Rājasanagara (also known as Hayam Wuruk).
Translated word for word, bhinnêka is a sandhi form of bhinna meaning "different"; the word tunggal means "one" and the word ika means "it". Literally, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is translated as "It is different, [yet] it is one". Conventionally, the phrase is translated as "Unity in Diversity",[1] which means that despite being diverse, the Indonesian people are still one unit. This motto is used to describe the unity and integrity of Indonesia which consists of various cultures, regional languages, races, ethnicities, religions, and beliefs. As head of the Faculty of Philosophy of Gadjah Mada University, Rizal Mustansyir, writes, "the motto of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika explains clearly that there is diversity in various aspects of life that makes the Indonesian nation a unified nation."[2]
The phrase originated from the Old Javanese poem Kakawin Sutasoma, written by Mpu Tantular a famous poet of Javanese Literature during the reign of the Majapahit empire sometime in the 14th century, under the reign of King Rājasanagara, also known as Hayam Wuruk.[3] The Kakawin contains epic poems written in metres. The poem is notable as it promotes tolerance between Hindus (especially Shivaites) and Buddhists.[4]
The phrase Bhinneka Tunggal Ika was published in an article entitled Verspreide Geschriften which was written by a Dutch linguist orientalist Johan Hendrik Casper Kern. Kern's writings were later read by Mohammad Yamin, who then brought the phrase to the first Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK) session, between 29 May to 1 June 1945.[5]
The motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika was later incorporated into the state emblem, the Garuda Pancasila. Reporting from the Directorate General of Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, the state symbol was designed by Sultan Hamid II and announced to the public on 15 February 1950.[6]
The phrase, along with Pancasila as national emblem and 20 other articles, is officially included into the Constitution of Indonesia after the second amendment of the constitution was ratified on People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) parliamentary session in 7–18 August 2000.[7][8]
This quotation comes from canto 139, stanza 5. The full stanza reads as follows:
Rwāneka dhātu winuwus Buddha Wiswa, Bhinnêki rakwa ring apan kena parwanosen, Mangka ng Jinatwa kalawan Śiwatatwa tunggal, Bhinnêka tunggal ika tan hana dharma mangrwa.
It is said that the well-known Buddha and Shiva are two different substances. They are indeed different, yet how is it possible to recognise their difference in a glance, since the truth of Jina (Buddha) and the truth of Shiva is one. They are indeed different, but they are of the same kind, as there is no duality in Truth.
This translation is based, with minor adaptations, on the critical text edition by Soewito Santoso.[1]
This idea is a constant theme throughout Mpu Tantular's writings and can also be found in his other writing, the Kakawin Arjunawijaya, canto 27 stanza 2:[9][10]
ndan kantênanya, haji, tan hana bheda saṅ hyaṅ hyaṅ Buddha rakwa kalawan Śiwarājadewa kālih samêka sira saṅ pinakeṣṭi dharma riṅ dharma sīma tuwi yan lêpas adwitīya
Clearly then, Your Majesty, there is no distinction between the Deities: the hyaṅ Buddha and Siwa, the lord of gods, both are the same, they are the goals of the religions; in the dharma sīma as well as in the dharma lêpas they are second to none.
Bhinneka Tunggal Ika adalah moto atau semboyan bangsa Indonesia yang tertulis pada lambang negara Indonesia yaitu Garuda Pancasila. Semboyan negara ini menggambarkan kondisi Indonesia yang mempunyai banyak keragaman suku, budaya, adat dan agama namun tetap menjadi satu bangsa utuh.[1] Frasa ini berasal dari bahasa Jawa Kuno yang artinya adalah “Walaupun berbeda-beda tetapi tetap satu jua”.[2]
Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia, dengan demikian sangat wajar apabila mempunyai banyak suku, agama, ras, dan antar golongan. Keragaman tersebut hidup saling menghormati dan menghargai dalam semangat Bhinneka Tunggal Ika.[3]
Kata bhinnêka berasal dari dua kata yang mengalami sandi, yaitu bhinna 'terpisah, berbeda' dan ika 'itu'. Kata tunggal berarti 'satu'. Secara harfiah, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika secara eksplisit dapat diartikan "Berbeda itu tetap satu", yang bermakna meskipun dalam aneka keberanekaragaman — pada hakikatnya bangsa Indonesia tetap merupakan satu kesatuan utuh nan kokoh. Semboyan ini digunakan untuk menggambarkan persatuan dan kesatuan Bangsa dan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia yang terdiri atas beraneka ragam adat, istiadat dan budaya, serta bahasa daerah, ras, suku bangsa, agama dan serta kepercayaan.
Kalimat ini merupakan kutipan dari sebuah kakawin Jawa Kuno yaitu kakawin Sutasoma, karangan Mpu Tantular sekitar abad ke-14, di bawah pemerintahan Raja Rājasanagara, yang juga dikenal sebagai Hayam Wuruk Maharaja ke-4 Majapahit yang memerintah tahun 1350–1389, Kakawin ini istimewa karena mengajarkan toleransi antara umat Hindu Siwa dengan umat Buddha.[4]
Tujuan dari Bhinneka Tunggal Ika adalah untuk mengembangkan motivasi dan menghargai keragaman. Tanpa wawasan tersebut, akan sulit untuk memajukan kedaulatan dan kemerdekaan nasional Indonesia.
Cita-cita tersebut menjadi landasan nasionalisme masyarakat Indonesia. Tujuan dari kebangkitan nasionalis yang dipimpin Bhinneka Tunggal Ika adalah untuk menanamkan loyalitas dan dedikasi pada masyarakat dan bangsa.[1]
Kutipan ini berasal dari pupuh 139, bait 5. Bait ini secara lengkap seperti di bawah ini:
Rwāneka dhātu winuwus Buddha Wiswa, Bhinnêki rakwa ring apan kena parwanosen, Mangka ng Jinatwa kalawan Siwatatwa tunggal, Bhinnêka tunggal ika tan hana dharma mangrwa.
Konon Buddha dan Siwa merupakan dua zat yang berbeda. Mereka memang berbeda, tetapi bagaimanakah bisa dikenali? Sebab kebenaran Jina (Buddha) dan Siwa adalah tunggal Terpecah belahlah itu, tetapi satu jugalah itu. Tidak ada kerancuan dalam kebenaran.
Terjemahan ini didasarkan, dengan adaptasi kecil, pada edisi teks kritis oleh Dr. Soewito Santoso.[5]
Tarian dengan peserta berpakaian adat suku-suku di Indonesia.
Arak-arakan dengan tulisan "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" menampilkan anak-anak dengan baju adat berbagai suku di Indonesia.
Penyanyi-penyanyi mengenakan pakaian adat di Indonesia
Anak-anak berpakaian adat daerah, umumnya digunakan untuk mengekspresikan keanekaragaman Indonesia.
Karnaval baju daerah untuk menunjukkan keberagaman budaya.
Unity in Diversity, the official national motto of Indonesia
